Cinema and Intimacy

Next week, I will be presenting part of my research on Cinematic Philematology at the 17th annual SERCIA conference, held at the Université de Bourgogne, Dijon.

The conference title is Cinema of Intimacy and/or the Intimacy of Cinema. In the presentation text, organizers states that “Unlike literary studies, film studies have rarely focused directly on intimacy as such … and English-speaking cinema might itself seem an unlikely candidate for this topic. Most film scholars and critics have tackled the question indirectly, by studying, for instance, the representation of the family or specific genres such as the biopic in which private lives occupy center stage. And yet as a photographic and aural medium that enables us to see and hear the bodies of actors, cinema is very much based on intimacy, although perhaps intimacy of a different nature from the kind literary scholars examine when studying letters and diaries as expressions of a human subject’s inner life. Clearly, what is at stake in the question of intimacy in cinema is the relationship between outside and inside, the outer and the inner life, the body and the self, the private and the public. This concerns not only the medium itself, but the industry as a whole. With its star system and movie tie-ins, including everything from Marilyn Monroe biographies to Luke Skywalker pyjamas, cinema undoubtedly occupies an intimate place in people’s lives, although, television, as it is positioned at the heart of domestic life, might arguably appear a more intimate medium.

Keynote speakers will be Thomas Elsaesser (University of Amsterdam) and Marc Vernet (Université Paris 7 – Denis Diderot).

Spaghetti TV Crime Fiction


This week In Media Res casts a glance at the most interesting phenomena on Italian television. The framework of “convergence” will be the leitmotif. Through the presented cases, a more complex image of Italian TV will emerge, where traditional elements (as references to conventional genres) and new innovations (as creative use of online media) are now firmly bound together.

In my post, I briefly present the case of  Romanzo Criminale  la serie, the story of the rise and fall of the Banda della Magliana, aired on Italian television in 2008-2010. Romanzo  has attracted the attention of Italian critics as being the most innovative series ever in terms of style and inspiration. I propose the idea that Romanzo  is the gravitational body of a constellation of films and tv series (e.g. Vallanzasca and Faccia d’angelo) which opened a new genre: “spaghetti crime fiction”.

Sonoluminescent Art


Camera Lucida (Evelina Domnitch and Dmitry Gelfand, 2007)

Next Sunday, I will be presenting a paper entitled Sonoluminescent Art. Transmutation of Sound into Light and Immersive Spectatorship at the X MAGIS – International Film Studies Spring School in Gorizia. The paper is part of my research project on immersive spectatorship and focuses on a series of contemporary sound and video artworks that explore and reflect upon the phenomenon of sonoluminescence. Sonoluminescence (literally ‘light from sound’) is a phenomenon caused when ultrasound waves excite a liquid, creating tiny bubbles which emit light when they collapse. It was first discovered by scientists who were attempting to accelerate the process of developing photos, in the early 1930s.

Blow-app


Millennium – Uomini che odiano le donne (David Fincher, 2011)

Sul numero 174 di Segnocinema è pubblicata una mia recensione di Millennium – Uomini che odiano le donne, in cui sostengo che uno degli aspetti di quest’ultimo prodotto del franchise Stieg Larsson che meglio è riuscito nel passaggio dalla carta allo schermo è qualcosa di specificamente visivo. Si tratta del modo in cui vengono trattate le fotografie degli eventi del passato su cui Mikael Blomkvist e Lisbeth Salander indagano. Le uniche tracce oggettive dei fatti dell’epoca sono istanti prelevati direttamente dalla realtà che eppure, per loro stessa natura, sono inevitabilmente soggettivi in quanto legati a un punto di vista preciso e dunque parziale, una prospettiva che necessariamente esclude tutte le altre possibili. Ed è solo attraverso la ricostruzione delle traiettorie degli sguardi e il completamento delle prospettive che una nuova interpretazione del passato può essere restituita e una verità non immediatamente presente può essere rivelata. Allo spettatore più accorto verrà in menteBlow-Up di Antonioni…


Blow-up (Michelangelo Antonioni, 1966)

Le quattro volte


Le quattro volte (Michelangelo Frammartino, 2010)

Martedì 6 marzo presenterò il film Le quattro volte per il ciclo Cinema e Filosofia organizzato dall’Associazione Orizzonti Filosifici di Riazzino, in Svizzera.

In noi [ci sono] quattro vite successive, incastrate l’una dentro l’altra. L’uomo è un minerale, perché ha in sé lo scheletro, formato da sali e da sostanze minerali; attorno a questo scheletro è ricamato un corpo di carne, formato di acqua, di fermenti e di altri sali. L’uomo è anche un vegetale, perché come le piante si nutre, respira, ha un sistema circolatorio, ha il sangue come linfa, si riproduce. È anche un animale, in quanto dotato di motilità e di conoscenza del mondo esterno, datagli dai cinque sensi e completata dall’immaginazione e dalla memoria. Infine è un essere razionale, in quanto possiede volontà e ragione. Abbiamo dunque in noi quattro vite distinte e dobbiamo quindi conoscerci quattro volte.

È questa frase attribuita a Pitagora a ispirare il titolo, gli snodi e il senso profondo del film, interamente votato a restituire, quasi a incarnare nella sostanza comunicativa del cinema, il rapporto di imbricazione fra Uomo e Natura. Il passaggio in continuità tra forma dell’essere razionale (il pastore), animale (la capra), vegetale (l’albero), minerale (il carbone) è un percorso concentrico di riduzione e risalita genealogica. Lungo le tappe di questa palingenesi, compiuta nella purezza e nell’essenzialità del linguaggio, risuona l’ancestrale natura animistica del cinema: sullo schermo ogni oggetto si muta in soggetto e ogni soggetto in oggetto, le cose tendono all’antropomorfico e gli uomini al cosmomorfico (Edgar Morin). E se sullo schermo la Natura assume i caratteri di una nuova dramatis personæ (Béla Balázs), di fronte allo schermo lo spettatore fa esperienza del processo di trasformazione inversa. Attraverso le sue quattro vite distinte, prova a conoscersi quattro volte.

Impact factor


The Departed (Martin Scorsese, 2006)

My essay On Icarus’ Wings. The Cinematic Experience of Falling Bodies has been published in issue 4 of Czech journal Iluminace – The Journal of Film Theory, History and Aesthetics. The essay describes the ways in which the film spectator experiences physically and psychically the cinematic representation of falling human bodies, with particular regard to the culmination of this movement: the impact. The latter is usually not shown on screen because of its psycho-physiological ‘violence’. Cinema employs a series of stylistic strategies – ‘replacement’, ‘obscuration’, ‘diversion’, ‘interposition’ intended to represent the unrepresentable. To explain how these strategies operate, I draw upon both recent neurocognitive experiments and classic experimental psychology demonstrations on visual occlusion and evaluate their implications for film aesthetics. The essay concludes with a brief analysis of a short film on 9/11 by A. G. Iñàrritu in order to illuminate the bond forged between the aforementioned strategies and the symbolic dimensions of the film viewing experience.

Tamtéž lze lokalizovat také téma studie Adriana D’Aloii nazvané „Na Ikarových křídlech“. Její autor se zabývá zdánlivým paradoxem divákova prožitku filmové reprezentace těla ve volném pádu: třebaže dopad těla není téměř nikdy ve filmu plně ukázán, divák emocionálně zakouší pád jako by dokončen byl. Divákově reakci lze podle D’Aloii porozumět na pozadí psychologického a neurovědeckého výzkumu vnímání na cíl zaměřeného jednání. Stejně jako Smithem zkoumaný úlek a bezprostřední empatie, patří i hrůza z pádu lidského těla mezi repertoár základních divákových reakcí.

L’arte del bacio


Sherlock Jr. (Buster Keaton, 1924)

Avanguardia passionale del corpo, le labbra condensano la forza vitale ed espressiva della persona nell’atto del desiderare e dell’amare. Se poi al cinema, dove spesso accorriamo per vivere avventure che altrove non potremmo, assistiamo al bacio fra due personaggi, allora è possibile persino che la scintilla di quel contatto fatto di sole immagini accenda il fuoco sulle nostre labbra. Per la poderosa capacità di coinvolgimento del cinema, vedere un bacio sullo schermo può vuol dire in qualche modo anche poter baciare o essere baciati. Nell’articolo L’arte del bacio. Assaggi di storia e teoria del bacio cinematografico pubblicato sul n. 173 di Segnocinema provo a tracciare una (rapida e parziale) storia del bacio cinematografico e a interrogarmi sulle modalità con cui la teoria del cinema può spiegare la magia sensuale e la carica erotica che trasmette il desiderio dallo schermo al corpo dello spettatore. La storia corre ovviamente da The May-Irwin Kiss, film Edison del 1896, attraversa l’epoca del codice Hays con la sua censura, spesso occasione per scovare modi originali (e sensuali) di aggiramento, come in Notorious (A. Hitchcock, 1946) e, di bacio in bacio, giunge fino alla contemporaneità. A partire da una sequenza chiave di The Reader – A voce alta (S. Daldry, 2008), passo poi in rassegna gli approcci teorici possibili con cui si può affrontare un analisi del bacio filmico: dalla psicoanalisi all’antropologia, dalla semiotica alla filosofia. Il cinema, insomma, come arte e scienza del bacio…

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Screen Attachments


The Magic Dome (Kilohertz, 2011) at QC Termemilano Spa

The Special issue of Screening The Past on “Screen Attachments” has just been released. My essay Waterbodies: Moving-image installations at Termemilano Spa is presented as follows in the Introduction by issue curators Paola Voci and Catherine Fowler:

“With Adriano D’Aloia’s essay we shift locations once again, from the home, art spaces and the Internet to health spas. The example of moving image installations in Italian Spa’s is used to provide an original examination of what Casetti has called the relocated filmic experience. Just as Ng re-examined interactivity, so D’Aloia re-visits scholarly work on immersion and, to a lesser extent, absorption. The moving image installations he explores act as a hinge that joins the classical viewing experience in a movie theatre with the relocated experience outside of that familiar space. More importantly, D’Aloia argues, “the spa moving image experience helps us to reframe both the theatrical and relocated dimensions of the contemporary film experience”. In his essay the relationship between viewers and screens becomes one that is multi-sensorial and also part of a ‘wellness itinerary’. Spa installations are used to interrogate the well accepted application of notions of immersion and absorption to describe how viewers are enveloped, and involved in, engage with and become attached to cinematic moving images.

D’Aloia’s essay asks important questions that contribute to studies of the attractions of moving images once they step outside of the movie theatre. In his case study, consisting of installations and projections at Termemilano spa, Milan, he traces the ways in which an annex to the film experience is offered, as all our senses are engaged “through the use of interfaces that combine simulated stereophonic sound, tactile and haptic impressions with thermoreceptive and even kinaesthetic sensations”. In one sense D’Aloia’s examination of a water-based screen experience propels an examination of the roots of the application of the terms immersion and absorption. For visitors to the spa are literally immersed in water before encountering moving images projected on walls and ceilings that show abstract and real underwater impressions. Following these water-based therapies, visitors can undertake a water-based moving image experience either in rooms where relaxing, abstract underwater images are projected on walls and/or ceilings, or in the magic dome in which a 360 degree geodesic structure containing images and sounds envelops the visitors. For D’Aloia, acoustic space supports “a sort of hydro-audio-visual massage” that is set off by the virtual and literal ‘enwatering’ of visitors. Finally, D’Aloia observes that spa moving image experiences might be seen as responses to the loss of immersion that accompanies the exit from the movie theatre. Yet it is not as if we are once again absorbed in the film, involved with characters and forgetting ourselves; instead, the spa-going experience offers a “new kind of embodied auto-empathy based on ‘bodily immersion’”.

Rodolfo Arnheim

I am presenting a paper entitled “Rodolfo” Arnheim. Technological innovations in Rudolf Arnheim’s Italian writings on cinema at the Second International Colloquium of the Permanent Seminar on the History of Film Theory on “The Impact of Technological Innovations on the Theory and Historiography of Cinema”, organized by the Université de Montréal and Concordia University and host at the Cinémathèque québécoise. In my paper I argue that due to both linguistic and historical reasons, the Italian period of Rudolf Arnheim’s career (1933-1938) has not been fully explored yet on an international scale, although it represents a pivotal moment in the development of his thought on cinema, media, and art (see the website RudolfArnheim.it). In that period, a considerable body of articles and essays on psychological and technical aspects of cinema – signed by Arnheim or by pseudonyms – has appeared in the most influential cinema journals («Intercine», «Cinema» and others). Yet, this significant contribution is not taken into account in current research. At that time, as today, the disappearance of cinema was the point at issue. But whereas in the 1930s Arnheim’s resistance to the introduction of new technologies was to preserve the artistic purity of cinema from the contamination with other media and ensure its specificity, today, in the digital media landscape, cinema reacts to the process of fragmentation and convergence with massive employment of technological innovations (e.g. computer-generated images, 3D, IMAX), which paradoxically have become the distinctive features of the contemporary film theatrical experience. My paper aims at better clarifying Arnheim’s position on technological innovations and attempts to evaluate the relevance of his theory in order to face the contemporary challenges in film studies.